Tel. KS300 has a grade 304 stainless steel edge rail for use where increased aesthetics or corrosion resistance is required. is a sales and marketing company with access to ACO’s global strong manufacturing. Northeast Office Toll Free: 800-543-4764 9470 Pinecone Dr. 0,7 l/s with 10 mm build up. We are here to help!STEADYKLEEN - Brass Sink Drain Valve with Twist Handle, Comes with Stainless Steel Kitchen Sink Strainer, Plunger, and Flange, Controls Sink Drain Stopper, Fits 3. Разнообразие от ширини и защитни ръбове. ACO Srbija i Crna Gora pruža rešenja za životnu sredinu budućnosti. The ACO Multiline® V 100 – 300 system solutions have a clearly defined programme of gratings suitable for most architectural requirements in terms of aesthetics, functionality and load bearing strength. Our humble beginnings pioneered the concept of modular trench drains in North America. 7 K1-1 Sloped channel - (1m) 144001 144401 100 105 120 125 7. was founded in Ohio, 1978. S300K-010 Channel (69042) - Polymer concrete linear drainage channel 4-Bolt Grate (99592) - Ductile iron channel grating w/ Slotted design and 4-bolt locking system. You can choose from a range of traditional drainage gratings, solid covers and cross footpath drainage units to ensure a wide variety of applications are catered for. Dura Slope offers versatility and easy installation featuring interlocking joints that snap-together. Designed for maximum performance efficiency, durability, ease of installation and conformance to code, Smith products are “Brands Built to Last†!Q Plus Linear drains are a great option when building barrier free/wheelchair accessible showers as they are ADA compliant, but still can be used in a regular shower with a curb. The first thing to do is excavate a trench area at the installation site that matches the depth and width of your ACO drain. ACO Drain systems consist of manufactured modular. All ACO’s channel systems are design to integrate with other systems that address these. ACO, Inc. Our speciality lies in drainage channels, with a diverse range of products designed to cater to various applications, from industrial to commercial and urban projects. ACO as a leader in development and manufacturing of stainless steel drainage, in cooperation with building companies, has developed a comprehensive installation. View Complete Details. Beechcraft St. The whole world builds with ACO. Half meter access units provide access to channel or catch basin for maintenance. Aco Raindrain Sump Unit with A15 Galv Steel Grating c/w Bucket Ref 38703. For recess necessary for thread slots. It is ACO´s commitment to ultimate hygienic performance. KS300 has a grade 304 stainless steel edge rail for use where increased aesthetics or corrosion resistance is required. Add to basket. Specialty Products Brickslot MiniKlassik Grated. Assembly: Modular system consisting of shower channel profile and floor drain. ACO Brickslot. It is lightweight, easy to handle and offers and easy installation due to its simple, push-fit. This is a term. Adequate height difference of 4. Grates are fastened with easy to use PowerLok boltless mechanisms. KlassikDrain is sold as channel only. Contact. Product ID ACO-99579. Slot drainage. or equal approved. Modular 200. The. Easy installation and handling on site is ensured by push-fit assembly system and available cutting tools. DR803 ACO Drain Price List 4 of 5 (Fabrications) 2022. View all Stegmeier Pool and Deck Drains. We tackle all the building drainage biggest concerns. The system is designed for surface water detention, retention, infiltration and reuse. VISUALIZE. With manufactures located in Ohio and Arizona and a nationwide sales and support team, The ACO. Use sandpaper, grinder or similar to ACO Self is a range of building products specifically designed for the residential landscaper and do-it-yourself enthusiast. ACO MultiDrain M100D - 135mm x 150mm x 1000mm. ACO Drain The world’s most popular modular trench drain system. A strong brand around the world. Product information. ACO hygienic drainage uses stainless steel floor drains to fulfil the strongest hygienic requirements to prevent bacterial contamination. Our stormwater pits and storm drain grates ensure efficient drainage and. Point Drains. Add to basket. The ACO Group is a world market leader in drainage technology. Southeast OfficeGalaLine. ACO is a global leader in water management, with products to collect, clean, hold and release water; addressing all phases of the water cycle and supporting water sensitive urban design. Climate change brings us face to face with challenges to respond to new environmental influences by developing innovative solutions. Mentor, OH 44060. Mark inside collar with marker. A strong brand around the world. ACO stands for professional drainage, efficient cleaning and the controlled discharge or reuse of water. The ACO Profiline Free drainage system, which was specially developed and tested for this purpose, is available as an open channel system for outdoor living spaces on roofs, balconies, loggias and arcades in accordance with DIN 18531 and as a closed channel system for areas in contact with the ground in accordance with DIN 18533. Modular concept allows specification of standard channel units to suit a variety of custom layouts. Materials The trench system bodies shall be manufactured from polyester polymer concrete with the minimum properties as. ACO Environment - Oil/water separators. 0 ACO Profiline ACO Greenline 3. Mentor, OH 44060. A strong brand around the world. Want to introduce ACO’s drains to your home? ACO Self is a range of building products specifically designed for the residential builder and DIY enthusiast. It is the customer’s responsibility to evaluate suitability and safety of product for his own use. Selecting a channel from the slot drainage range is easy. 00 incl VAT. System with 8 mm heelsafe slot, ideal for walking barefoot. The philosophy which guides us. These products are designed, manufactured and tested for high performance in applications where a clean environment is crucial to the business functions. ACO Hexdrain Pro Channel Drain 138mm x 150mm x 1000mm - C250 Load. Bodies and grates are made from either plastic or steel and will support. Type 426D C Galv Slotted Grate . Showerpoint With Wave Grate. EcoPanel is a unique and decorative drainage solution that can be used as a design element to create distinctive urban landscapes. Check out HexaLine Brickslot for a more discreet, slot drainage solution for the HexaLine channel. - NBR (Acryl nitrile-butadiene rubber) ACO 8" Hygienic Floor Drain - Adjustable. Suitable for pedestrian and light vehicle traffic applications. ACO pipe. The ACO technical services team offers full trench drain system layout and parts scheduling free of charge. Our stormwater pits and storm drain grates ensure efficient drainage and. However, this kind of drainage can also be used for larger roofs. About ACO. Systems includes:About ACO. Hygienic Floor Drain Accessories Floor Drain Grates Customization. is provided in good faith with the belief that the information used is correct and that any assumptions made are valid. ACO's range of elegant and modern 'Complete the Look. Email: info@acousa. ACO Brickslot Hexdrain Slot Drain Channel A15 - 1m. ACO Drain is available in 2″, 4”, 8” and 12” internal widths, and are available with up to 130 ft (40m) of built-in continuous slope. PowerDrain. ACO Drain - Commercial drainage. we care for water. 5. co. ACO hygienic drainage uses stainless steel floor drains to fulfil the strongest hygienic requirements to prevent bacterial contamination. ACO Drain. O. The ACO Hygienic Trench Drain portfolio is designed with an emphasis on hygienic design requirements. Download the ACO Drain installation guides. Building material class A1, non-flammable. * This channel features bottom knockouts; 6″ & 8″ for 300 mm channels. ACO. Climate change sets us a challenge to react effectively with innovative solutions to new environmental conditions. £14. or approved equal. The ACO spill control oil/water separator is based on the principle of gravity, where oil is lighter than water and will float and that solids are heavier and wil therefore sink. ACO Drainage ProductsACO – German Technology with Worldwide Recognition. Safety, fire protection and thus the issue of roof drainage are the top priorities in design and construction. Channel weights are for fiberglass body only. * This channel features bottom knockouts; 4″ & 6″ for 200 mm channels. ACO is the established leader in providing drainage systems for the food service industry. Mentor, OH 44060. 2. v1. 4211 Pleasant Rd. ACO provides systems for professional grade, efficient, and hygienic surface water and building drainage. 125" (79 mm) or less brick or stone pavers. The ACO Drain product line is segmented into different product types depending on use: 1. Floor Drain Brochure. ACO StormBrixx® is a unique, patented, plastic geocellular stormwater management system. Gravity drainage systems are suitable for smaller areas. These products consist of grated trench drains and drainage pits made from a choice of plastic or durable polymer concrete and are available in different sizes to suit any drainage requirement. £65. Thickness of plastic rail = 5mm. HygieneFirst. Our commitment to excellence extends beyond our. 7" L X 1. Mentor, OH 44060. Double lip seal push-fit connection for easy and reliable installation. ACO Building Drainage. This offers an advantage from the traditional center drain installation, where the floor must slope in four directions in order to drain the water properly. Trench drains allow simple, one-way grading of. EcoPanel permeable paver covers are installed into ACO’s KlassikDrain. Southeast OfficeACO ShowerDrain Glass 9010. The stainless steel push-fit pipe system is designed for grey or black water. or approved equal. ACO Specification Information SPEC INFO Specifications General The surface drainage system shall be ACO Drain KS200 complete with gratings secured with ‘QuickLok’ locking as manufactured by ACO, Inc. PowerDrain (heavy duty) trench drains with PowerLok grates. Beechcraft St. ACO. It is ACO´s commitment to ultimate hygienic performance. ACO Drain is a range of polymer concrete channels with lockable grates, ideal for external paved and shared-zone areas. Northeast Office Toll Free: 800-543-4764 9470 Pinecone Dr. The different gratings can be freely com-bined independent of the channel bodies and are available for all load classes from A 15 to E 600. ACO India. ACO’s Building Drainage products. RELN. CSI Division: 22 40 00 Plumbing Fixtures. 79" D. More information. 825 W Beechcraft St. ACO drainage channels, also known as linear drains, are well-suited for a number of domestic applications and serve to remove surface water and prevent overspills and flooding. 95 incl VAT. Total installation height = 50mm. ACO Systems and Solutions Private Limited Third Floor, 627/4, 36B, II Phase, 60 Feet Road, Near NTTF, Chokkasandra, Peenya Bangalore - 560 058 Karnataka, India ACO Drain is the market-leading brand for drainage solutions due to its comprehensive and diverse range of products. MEALINE S Drainage Channel with Galvanised Slotted Grating 1m - A15. ACO stands for professional drainage, efficient cleaning, and the controlled discharge or reuse of water. ), which can be further categorised into: a. CO. ACO. This video describes how to properly remove the knockout portion of an ACO drain for pipe placement. ACO Hexdrain Channel Drain End Caps and Outlet Accessories Pack. Mentor, OH 44060 P. De mai bine de 60 de ani inovăm permanet pentru a crea sisteme sustenabile de management al apelor meteorice, care să aibă grijă atât de oameni, cât și de apă. ACO India. KS100 has a grade 304 stainless steel edge rail for use where increased aesthetics or corrosion resistance is required. SURFACE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS ** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** ACO, Inc. VAT Registered: GB 394 1212 63. 00. Mentor, OH 44060 Tel: 440-639-7230 Fax: 440-639-7235 4211 Pleasant Rd. It is ACO´s commitment to ultimate hygienic performance. 30-32-34 Street#1, Him Lam Area, Tan Hung Ward, Dist 7, HCMC, Vietnam +84 90 364 4625 vuxuan. 8, 13 and 44) to the commercial kitchen and restaurant floor drain design and NSF/ANSI 3-A 14159-1-2014. Company Registration No: 01647362. West Office Toll Free: 888-490-9552 825 W. Notes: 1. With its integrated approach, ACO stands for professional drainage, economical cleaning, and the controlled release and reuse of water. ACO Water Management The management of surface water with complete integrated systems for use across the spectrum of civils projects. ACO StormBrixx® is a unique and patented plastic geocellular stormwater management system designed for surface water storage and infiltration. Contact. ACO India General Product Overview is a PDF document that provides an overview of the various drainage products and solutions offered by ACO India, the market leader in drainage technology. Steel Edge – HK Series. Tela kanala u kontinuiranom ili kaskadnom padu. Light Duty Hygienic Ladder Grate 19. ACO is a global leader in the design and manufacture of drainage systems whether they are used for general surface water management or in building drainage applications. ACO WaterCycle este circuitul de gestionare al apei, care stă la. The weight of the water on the roof is reduced to a minimum in comparison with the weight held by a conventional drainage system. Channels available in 6 standard lengths, from. Box 18672, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Telephone: +971 4 880 69 98, Fax: +971 4 880 69 97ACO. The ACO Slot Drain Range is suitable for all common applications and all common floor types. Manufacturer ACO. 447 in stock. Suitable applications include parks, playgrounds and pedestrian malls. Cast in-situ trench drains b. The ACO Self® Xtrapoint point drain is made of plastic and car accessbile (B 125). With paint coat (transport protection) High pressure resistance > 700 N/mm². Double lip seal push-fit connection for easy and reliable installation. ACO is the global leader in channel drainage, and our range of ACO drainage components can be used to make your driveway SUDS compliant, in addition to use on patios and other paved areas. 95. 8" Wide ACO K100 Trench Drain Grates; 5 1/4'' Wide Polycast 600 Series Grates; 5 3/8" Wide Zurn Z886 Grates; 6'' Wide NDS Dura Slope Grates; 8" Wide Trench Drain Grates; 9 3/8" Wide ACO K200 Trench Drain Grates; 10" Wide Trench Drain Grates; 11 1/4" Wide Zurn Z882 Grates; 12" Wide Trench Drain. Galvanised steel grate withstands corrosion. 414339. Add to basket. Gravity drainage systems are suitable for smaller areas. 7" L X 3/4" D. Product ID ACO-00985. In its Building Services Division, ACO combines drainage elements to create sustainable solutions for private homes and office buildings, as well as for industrial kitchens, hotels and commercial property. Rasveta za kanale: Sideline, Eyeleds, Lightpoint. Materials The trench system bodies shall be manufactured from polyester polymer concrete with the minimum properties as follows:ACO Drainage Channels. com. Length - up to customer request. The products offer the same quality and design excellence as ACO’s commercial products but are designed to meet the demands and budget of the residential customer. Proizvodi se u šest nominalnih širina. ACO leads the way in. Silt basket. 2. 77. ACO HexDrain is a high strength, high quality channel drainage system suitable for a range of domestic drainage applications. ACO is equipped with its own advanced software and qualified engineers to support its stormwater management products. The gratings can be driven over by cars and fulfil all requirements around the house. The SlabDrain – H series are ideal for non-metal applications and are available in 4” internal width. Aco Raindrain B125 1Mtr Channel and Cast-Iron Grating Ref 47001. Buy Plus Online. ACO Aquaduct’s division specializes in custom drainage solutions and offers products made from FRP (fiberglass reinforced plastic), stainless steel and other materials. The philosophy which guides us internally and protects our customers. 00 incl VAT. For full details, please refer to the ACO installation drawing number 22680 which can be downloaded here. com ACO Drain Standard Products 2022 Price List West el (888) 490-9552 ast el (800) 543-4764 1 K100 Galvanized Edge KS100 Stainless Edge KlassikDrain K100/KS100 Parts Table Part No. Our RainDrain B 125 installation tutorial shows you how easy and quick it is to prepare and install ACO RainDrain B 125 drainage channels and accessories. H200SK-13. Material. ACO stands for professional drainage, efficient cleaning, and the controlled discharge or reuse of water. Welcome to ACO! We specialise in designing and manufacturing high-grade concrete trench drain systems, engineered to tackle water management challenges in any environment. com. More than 60 years of drainage experience make ACO the world-class supplier of drainage systems. Top Rated. Features & Benefits: ACO Raindrain Domestic Channel Drain 1m x 118mm x 97mm - A15. A strong brand around the world. Manufacturer ACO. HexaLine is a recyclable polypropylene trench drain system with a range of innovative features, making installation of drainage channels easier then ever. Hygienefirst. Our humble beginnings pioneered the concept of modular trench drains in North America. Compare $ 149. Beechcraft St. ACO leads the way in. Whether the roof covering is a membrane, concrete or gravel, ACO Spin flat roof gullies can be flexibly adapted to suit different. V-shaped bottom for better water flow even at low flow rates and for better self-cleaning performance. 50 incl VAT. Double lip seal push-fit connection for easy and reliable installation. ACO Sport - Sport venue drainage. 3. How to connect the end cap to a channel body. West Office Toll Free: 888-490-9552 825 W. ACO Drain Brickslot Discreet Slot Drainage System ACO Drain Brickslot ACO Brickslot is a discreet drainage solution for use with 3. In its Building Services Division, ACO combines drainage elements to create sustainable solutions for private homes and office buildings, as well as for. ; general duty trench drains. AISI 316L. Managing Stormwater with ACO, Inc. 2. Add 2″ to length of each channel for female joining flange (only applicable at shallowest end of trench run). ACO Systems and Solutions Private Limited Third Floor, 627/4, 36B, II Phase, 60 Feet Road, Near NTTF, Chokkasandra, Peenya Bangalore - 560 058 Karnataka, IndiaACO Infrastructure comprises a number of systems for roads and highways; mass transit systems (rail, bus, terminals, truck stops etc…) bridges and tunnels; seaports and container terminals, and airports. As a rule, two construction crews (of 2 persons) have been used until now in order to ensure the most economi-cal installation of a concrete kerb and the separate. Registered Office: Merchant House, Binley Business. Thickness of plastic rail = 5mm. 4. Sa dugogodišnjim iskustvom i prisutnošću na najrazličitijim projektima, uvođenjem kanala za odvodnjavanje nove generacije, postigli smo napredak u svim područjima primene. ACO offer six alternative grating styles which can be installed with HexDrain,. The installation details shown, set out to provide the designer with integrated solutions for wet room floor drainage. In food and beverage processing facilities, drainage has a major impact. Product ID ACO-12615. Casa Grande, AZ 85122. The ACO Drain® brand is segmented into different product ranges, dependent on use. The channel is handy and robust. EasyFix adjustable leveling feet for simple laying installation. The spill control oil-water separator is manufactured from durable. This means that ACO Multiline already meets future equirements in terms of watertightness and water quality. KlassikDrain is sold as channel only. QuARTz by ACO shower channels allow the bathroom floor to take on a new dimension to become an integral part of the design. Welcome to ACO Drain, the home of innovative grated channel drain solutions. This video describes how to properly remove the knockout portion of an ACO drain for pipe placement. QuARTz by ACO shower channels allow the bathroom floor to take on a new dimension to become an integral part of the design. 4 in. Add to basket. The philosophy which guides us internally and protects our customers. ACO. Park, Harry Weston Road, Coventry, CV3 2TT. The grate seat and channel edge are manufactured from the same polymer concrete as the channel body. 7ACO Drainlock предлага най-широката гама от решетки за линейно отводняване с различен дизайн, цветове и материали – от чугун, композитен материал, неръждаема или поцинкована стомана. ACO Drain es la familia de productos más utilizada en el mundo, ya que tiene varios modelos de producto que cubren una gama amplia de aplicaciones: KlassikDrain (uso general), PowerDrain (uso pesado, hasta 90 ton), SlabDrain (profundidad restringida), FlowDrain (sustancias químicas), Brickslot (drenThe ACO MultiDrain MD system is available in three widths, 100mm, 150mm and 200mm and has both sloping and constant depths channels. Contact. Gravity drainage systems are suitable for smaller areas. Northeast Office 9470 Pinecone Dr. Enhancing Brewing Operations at Pacific Coast Brewery Hygiene & Efficiency for Foodstuff's New World Ravenswood Bridging the Accessibility Gap ACO KerbDrain in the extreme test during Cyclone Gabrielle ACO Drain - What story will your design tell? ACO Qmax - Heavy-duty yet lightweight ACO White Paper - Guide for trench drain selection Polymer. Building on our global drainage expertise that protects people from water, we. ACO Water Management. 93 inc VAT. HygieneFirst. To visit ACO’s wide range of pedestrian safe grates, click here. R. Northeast Office Toll Free: 800-543-4764 9470 Pinecone Dr. A strong brand around the world. 00 incl VAT. 4 side connections make it easy to install "T" and "L" shape drainage connections. To view your area's map, please visit the NOAA website . In ACO Drain’s KlassikDrain, SlabDrain and PowerDrain trench drain systems, galvanised steel, stainless steel or ductile iron edge rails are integrally cast. The corner unit is supplied with 4 x solid sides, any of these can be removed to allow rainwater to flow into or through the corner unit. ACO range for the rigorous requirements in the stormwater management of transport nodes and corridors. £42. ACO is equipped with its own advanced software and qualified engineers to support its stormwater management products. They feature properties which comply with a number of national and international safety standards for wheelchairs, bicycles and thin high-heeled shoes. 5M. It has a sludge bucket with handle (1. Public Services. 3. ACO India. K200. 4” Internal Width. Casa Grande, AZ 85122. creating the future of drainage ACO Aquaduct The ACO group was founded in 1946. The ACO waste filter has similar functionality to the ACO waste trap baskets for separation of high amount of waste during food production and. ACO offers high-quality, engineered, sustainable, and integrated stainless steel drainage systems designed to fulfill your water projects. Select the pavement which reflects your. More information. To help guide you through the range of grate designs, and channel possibilities, the ACO Grate Visualizer tool marries together pavement surfaces and grate designs. ACO “How To” Series: Knockouts. ACO Stainless Steel Trench Drain. It is ACO´s commitment to ultimate hygienic performance. Clamp rings and puddle flanges accommodate different waterproof membranes. or similar approved. Nominal pipe size. Co. As drain gullies for dirty and rain water, the point drainage can be installed in one area and thereby reliably ensure drainage under water taps in the garden or courtyard. ACO understands the importance of products that are corrosion resistant, do. Features & Benefits: ACO Raindrain Domestic Channel Drain 1m x 118mm x 97mm - A15. com. Read more. 48” (63 mm) deep. ACO KlassikDrain-K100-17 Sloped 1 Meter Galvanized Channel features a 4'' (100 mm) internal width and a wide choice of grates - from decorative to ADA-compliant and up to Load Class E - for use in applications from parking lot to shopping mall drainage. com. 4211 Pleasant Rd. 9 3/8" W X 19. Fort Carson GSAB Maintenance Hangar. ACO Grupa jedan je od svetskih lidera u razvoju i proizvodnji inovativnih rešenja u oblasti upravljanja površinskim vodama i vodama unutar objekata. Southeast Sales Office Follow us on 4211 Pleasant Road Fort Mill, SC 29708 Toll free: (800) 543-4764 Fax: (803) 802-1063 ACO DRAINAbout ACO. ACO DRAIN ACO External Drainage. Aimed at a prosperous growth in this domain, we are engaged in offering an excellent quality range of ACO Rain Drain. Stainless Pipe Brochure. As a system provider for gardening and landscaping, we will be showcasing products from the competence areas of line, point and facade drainage, rainwater management, manhole covers, tree protection and individual system solutions at GaLaBau from September 14 - 17, 2022 in Nuremberg in Hall 4-309. ACO M150DS Brickslot Galvanised Steel Grating 1000mm - D400. Bucket traps for tradewaste applications. Northeast Office Toll Free: 800-543-4764 9470 Pinecone Dr. 37" L X . DR801 ACO Drain Price List 2 of 5 (Limited Availability) 2022. Plus Point. Hygienefirst. West Office Toll Free: 888-490-9552 825 W. The 10mm slot blends in with the paving joints giving an aesthetic solution. 67 ACO ShowerDrain Tile 37335 ACO ShowerDrain Wave 37342 ACO ShowerDrain Quadrato 37359 ACO ShowerDrain Flag 37369 ACO ShowerDrain Hawaii 37398 ACO ShowerDrain Mix 37403 ACO ShowerDrain Linear 37420 ACO ShowerDrain Piano 37450 ACO ShowerDrain Solid 37476Price Lists. DR804 ACO Drain Price List 5 of 5 (Spare Parts) 2022. Building drainage. ACO stands for professional drainage, efficient cleaning, and the controlled discharge or reuse of water. ACO Specification Information Specifications General The surface drainage system shall be ACO Drain H100-8 complete with gratings secured with ‘QuickLok’ as manufactured by ACO, Inc. The ACO Building Drainage Division offer from simple standard to complex and sophisticated drain products. Invert Depth mm Overall Depth mm Volume L Weight K100 KS100 Female Male Female Male kg * Ï-DTSQ@KÏBG@MMDKÏ Ï L 3 144041 144441 100 100 120 120 7. More than 60 years of drainage experience makes ACO the world-class supplier of drainage systems. Materials The trench system bodies shall be manufactured from polyester polymer concrete with minimum properties as follows: ACO Polymer Products, Inc. ACO's range of elegant and modern 'Complete the Look. ACO Eyeled Lighting Cable Splitter - 300mm x 300mm. The ACO PIPE ® push-fit pipe system made from stainless steel (both AISI 304 and 316) provides a modern alternative to plastic and zinc-coated pipes for water drainage and vacuum systems. Large variety of grate options available. ACO Building Drainage Stainless steel corrosion resistant drainage systems for applications across the internal and external built environments. Box 18672, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Telephone: +971 4 880 69 98, Fax: +971 4 880 69 97About ACO. Showerpoint Tile Grate.